Parasites in the human body cause unclear etiology.It may be rash, bloating, heartburn, nausea, weakness, anemia, joint pain.Special tests should be performed to clarify the diagnosis.
Parasites that can live in the human body
Classification of parasites in their appearance:
- Lamblia,
- Opistorchi,
- Echinococci,
- Toxockers,
- Trichinella,
- Askarids.
For representatives of some professions (catering businesses, children's institution staff), the eggs of worms are required to design health books.Children give the same analysis when admission to kindergartens and kindergartens or a sport.
- The classic study on worms living in the stomach tract is stool analysis and scratch mucosa from the rectum.
- But there are many options for parasites more effective blood tests, planned and method.
The classic research of worms
A classic study on worms living in the stomach tract (gastrointestinal tract), such as Pinworms, Ascarides, stool analysis and mucous membrane scraping from the rectum.But the former stool analysis does not show positive results, so it is advisable to do three times.
- To analyze stools and scrape, we use the histological co -rogram method (viewing the cuts of the material under a microscope).Research efficiency is about 20%as it is low that eggs or parasitic larvae fall into the analyzed material.
- The controversial studies of helmints, simple parasites and fungi in the body are electro -acupuncture methods.Essence is to achieve results by measuring bioelectric reactions of active points with electrodes.Special tools are used for this purpose.Many doctors perceive the research data skeptical.
- The most informative examination of parasites is blood test.
Types of blood tests of parasites
There are many options for blood tests for parasites: planned and method.Each of these methods has its own benefits and disadvantages.Depending on the methodology used, the following type of blood tests exist:
- Elisa or blood immunafinticnae;
- PCR or polymerase chain reaction;
- Hemoskan;
- Serological blood test.
Analysis of Elisa, antibodies and immunoglobulina
This analysis is based on the level of protective reaction of the body's immune response to the invasion of parasites.When antibodies are formed in the human body, responding to the penetration of a pathogen or simply foreign protein in their blood, they are called immunoglobulins.
- Use the results of ELISA to determine the presence of helmin in the body and their type.The accuracy of the study is much higher than the stool analysis.
- The method is based on calculating antibodies in the body to determine the relationship with one or another type of parasites, foreign antigens (immune response) and the body enzyme reaction.
- Antibodies - antigens indicate the presence of infection.
- According to various experts, ELISA blood tests are still between 60% and 90% in low invasion.
- The advantage of the method, with high accuracy, is that immune functional analysis can be observed with the dynamics of the disease over time.
IFA blood test for parasites
Analysis of antibodies looks like a character set that denotes these antibodies or is called immunoglobulins.
- A total of five of them were examined - igg, yoga, IgM, verb Igd.
- The first four immunoglobulins are important in practical medicine.
IgM is the main marker of the acute phase of the disease
IgM - immunoglobulin, which appears in the acute phase of the disease, indicates the beginning of the infection.
- Appears on the fifth day in the blood,
- Detected by an analysis after 6 weeks.
- Then it disappears quickly.
Verb - marker, parasitic infection indicator
Verb - Immunoglobulin indicates the presence of parasites or allergies in the human body.
- Marker of the processes associated with allergies,
- Few circles are based on blood, mucous membranes, macrophages and basophils,
- It is involved in the immune response to infection with parasites.
Igg - the marker of illness and immunity
IgG - immunoglobulin, appears in the process of the disease.
- Preserving IgG after a cure, for certain infections such as measles, for others.
- Detection of immunoglobulins in the blood says that the body has previously encountered this infection, this specific pathogen.
The result of analysis
The following conclusions can be drawn for different combinations of the plus and minuses in the blood test of parasites:
- Lack of infection - all antibodies minus;
- Acute Stage (+/-), Iga (+\-), IgM (+);
- Chronic form (+/-), iGA (-), IgM (-);
- Immunity (+), presence of iGa (-), IgM (-);
- Aggravation of chronic illness - Igg (+), iGA (+), Igm (+)
- If the disease is detected and treated, the minus values of all antibodies are only reached six months after treatment, sometimes after 1-2 years.
The reliability of Elisa's analysis
The ELISA method provides 90% reliability of ascarides, Pinworms (enteriobiosis), toxocarous and others that cause large amounts of IgG immunoglobulin.
- You can determine the lambliosis with the separate and general (OPD) value of the antibodies in the blood.
- The OPD value exceeds 1 that suggests that there is an infection or was
- There is no Lamblia with less than 0.85.
- If the value is in the meantime, it is advisable to repeat the analysis after 2 weeks.
This method is characterized by a number of weaknesses.Analysis allows the level of antibodies formed in the body to neutralize helmints, not worms.
- Therefore, false positive and false negative results can be achieved.
- This happens even when patients are taking drugs,
- Parallel presence of metabolic disorders and current chronic diseases.
General blood test, changes in parasite infection
Indirectly, you may suspect the presence of invasion by performing a general blood test.Because the presence of worms affects the internal organs, their vital activity products enter the bloodstream, changing its composition.Partial list of effects of invasion on blood parameters:
- Increased hemoglobin;
- Non -normal indicators of the ESR;
- Excess eosinophils by 20%;
- Zhelezia anemia.
If there is no other reason for such differences, it is advisable to include the special blood tests of the parasites, ELISA, PCR into the diagnostic program.
Polymerase chain reaction, PCR analysis
The PCR method or polymer chain reaction is considered essential in molecular diagnostics and is one of the most modern and accurate diagnosis in the presence of parasites in the body.
- It consists of detecting DNA and RNA traces of parasitic lifestyles.
- The essence of the polymerase reaction is blood treatment in such a way that dNA, the RNA of foreign organisms, to concentration that allows them to determine.
Serological blood test
At the same time, the analysis is used as a source of information in the blood serum.
- Immunogenic antibodies of parasites are tested.
- The analysis allows you to identify a number of parasitic forms, but does not allow you to determine the invasion phase.
- Like the IFA method, serological analysis is indirect for diagnosis.
- If the OPD values are high, then it is advisable to analyze stool.
Diagnosis by Blood Paturity Method
During hemoscanication on parasites, the "living" blood of the patient is examined by optical tools in which they can determine their larvae and fungus along with worms.
How to do a blood test for parasites
Blood donation of the parasites is performed in a special laboratory.For analysis, blood is taken from the elbow vein in 3-5 ml and placed in a dry sterile test tube.Recommended before the analysis is transferred:
- Do not eat for 8 hours;
- Leaves fatty foods and milk during the evening meal;
- Do not take alcohol and carbonated drinks;
- Avoid excessive physical effort, physiotherapy, radiation X;
- refuses to take medication.
- The abundant drink is welcome.
- The conditions for donating blood to PCR are less strict, as the degree of saturation does not affect the presence of the DNA of parasites.
Date of analyzes
- The results of IFA and serological tests will be issued within one week.
- A few hours are sufficient for PCR blood tests and hemoskanization.
- As a result of the analysis, be sure to consult a doctor.